о таджикистане
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Water resources
Water resources play a critical role in ensuring sustainable development of Tajikistan. First of all, this is due to the fact that the country has quite huge resources of fresh water.
Water is currently the main source of energy in the country - more than 95% of the country's electricity is generated by hydroelectric power plants.
Water resources are used in irrigated agriculture, which provides about 80% of agricultural products, for drinking water supply and sanitation, in industry and fisheries, which play an important role in ensuring food security and access of the population to quality nutrition.
Water also contributes to the employment of the population. Further development of hydropower, irrigated agriculture, and industry will create new jobs. Irrigated agriculture is particularly important in this context, since it provides employment for more than half of the country's rural population.
In Tajikistan, the zone of formation of river runoff is 90% of its territory. Glaciers, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and underground waters form the basis of water resources of the Republic of Tajikistan. In general, the average long-term runoff of rivers forming in Tajikistan is 64 km³ / year, including 62.9 km³ / year in the Amu Darya basin and 1.1 km³ / year in the Syr Darya basin. The rivers of Tajikistan form 55.4% of the average long-term surface runoff of the Aral Sea basin.
Average annual precipitation in Tajikistan is about 760 mm, varying from 100 mm in some parts of the south of the country to 2400 mm in the highlands of the Pamirs.
Roads
During the period of its independence, the Republic of Tajikistan continues advancement its economic infrastructure, including transportation sector which has determining character in economic development along with improvement of living standards and reduction of poverty.
Development of transport sector will foster support of domestic and foreign trade which stands one of the main tasks in enhancing economic relations, entrepreneurship and international transit.
In turn, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan since the early years of its independence has made main focus on overcoming communication deadlock and building transit channels through our country. The strategy of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on overcoming communication deadlock was announced in 2010 in annual address of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan to Majlisi Oli - the Parliament of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The strategy includes two main points:
First – building integrated transport network in the country and its connection with international transport corridors.
Second – accession and ratification by the Republic of Tajikistan international conventions and agreements related to transportation.
The strategy of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in overcoming communication deadlock includes construction and rehabilitation large parts of roads, for instance, highway Kulob-Khorog-Kulma-Karokurum (Shohon-Zigar and Shkev-Zigar), Dushanbe-Kurgan-Tube-Kulob, Dushanbe-Chanoқ, Vahdat- Chirgatol-Saritosh (the border with Kyrgyz Republic), Dushanbe-Tursunzade (border with Republic of Uzbekistan), Aini-Penjikent (border with Republic of Uzbekistan) and opening new tunnels Ozodi, Istiklol, Shahriston and Chormagzak.
For today Tajikistan became one of transport corridors in the region connected with neighboring countries in four directions with newly build railroads, highways, tunnels and bridges.
During last decade 23 public – funded investment projects worth nearly 3,2 billion somoni have been realized throughout the country over the last ten years for the purpose of breaking a communication isolation and opening routes to world maritime ports.
As a result of an implementation of these projects and actions undertaken in this direction, 1650 kilometers of motor-roads were built and renovated, as well as 109 bridges and 27 kilometers of tunnels have been constructed and brought into operation.  
11 government investment projects totaling 5,5 billion somoni are presently being implemented in the field of transport.
Reconstruction and rehabilitation of roads continue, as well as construction and restoration of Ayni-Panjakent-Tursunzoda-Dushanbe highway, Kulob-Qalai Khumb, construction of a modern terminal at Dushanbe International Airport and the railway line Dushanbe – Kurgantube  (Vahdat – Yovon section) and Kurgantube-Nizhniy Panj should be carried out by 2015.
In addition, construction of alternative roads requires that the Government of the country should expand a scope of economic integration and take necessary measures in the framework of regional organizations to integrate with international communication networks and form new networks which would meet modern standards.
To this end, we continue taking necessary, effective measures related to the implementation of the railway project Tajikistan – Turkmenistan – Afghanistan which may become an important factor in the economic development of Tajikistan and other countries of the region.
A Memorandum of Understanding on Construction of Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Railway was signed on the 21st of March this year, during the visit of the President of the country to Ashgabat, Turkmenistan for the participation in the International Navruz Festival.
In addition to the abovementioned, to create a complete internal transport network and to provide output for all regions of the country on the international highway, on the basis of expert internal and external review, a program of rehabilitation and reconstruction of these roads until 2025 has been developed. This program takes into account the socio-economic benefits of all aspects and will reduce the cost of transport services.According to this program, more than four thousand kilometers of roads and 576 bridges in the amount of 4,4 billion somoni should be constructed and renovated.
Taking into account the specifics of the geographic location of the country, in Tajikistan, work continues on the development of transport infrastructure, creation of an enabling environment for the use of transport routes, which in the near future will have the transcontinental nature, linking Asia and Europe.
It should be noted that in the years of independence, the President and the Government of Tajikistan have paid special attention to the sphere of transport: 39 agreements with nine CIS countries and seven countries in Central Asia and Europe, also 27 agreements with 7 international organizations have been signed.
Airports

Airports of Tajikistan

Dushanbe Airport

http://www.airport.tj

International airport of Kulyab city in the south of Tajikistan.

International airport in Bohktar

Khudzhand Airport

 

Telecommunications
There are currently several telephone and cellular companies operating in Tajikistan.
National telecommunications operator OJSC "Tajiktelecom".
Babilon - Mobile is the largest cellular operator in Tajikistan. Provides a full range of modern services to the subscriber in the GSM 900/1800, 3G-UMTS / 3.5G-HSDPA standards. The commercial launch of the network was made on January 1, 2003.
Beeline - Takom LLC is a Tajik mobile operator. The VimpelCom group of companies includes mobile operators providing their services in Russia, Kazakhstan and recently acquired mobile operators in Ukraine, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Georgia.
Megafon Tajikistan is a Russian-Tajik joint venture established with the active assistance of the Government and the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Tajikistan. The Company's shareholders are: national operator Tajiktelecom OJSC and the first all-Russian mobile operator OJSC MegaFon.
"Tcell" - CJSC "Indigo Tajikistan" is a promising, advanced, prestigious and popular company providing mobile communication services for clients. Tcell in Tajikistan is represented by two legally established companies: CJSC Indigo Tajikistan, operating in the DRS, Khatlon region, GBAO, and CJSC JV Somonkom, operating in the Sughd region.
When arriving in Tajikistan, before purchasing a SIM card, check with dealers about tariff plans, coverage area and additional opportunities.
Energetics
Energetics
The total potential reserves are 527 billion kW. h per year (8th in the world), 4% of the world's hydropower potential.
Average annual electricity generation 16.5 billion kWh (4-5% of potential reserves)
Power system capacity 5190 MW (share of hydroelectric power plants 4872 MW 94%, CHP 318 MW 6%)
The design capacity of the Rogun HPP is 3600 MW / 13 billion kWh per year
Energy sector development 15% of budget expenditures
Surplus of electricity in the summer 3-5 billion kWh
Electricity deficit in winter 2.5 billion kWh
The tariff for the population is 2.32 US cents / 1 kWh.
Industrial tariff 5.61 US cents / 1 kWh.
Export of electricity in 2013 is about 1 billion kW. h / 34 million USD
Coal reserves 4.5 billion tons
Coal production in 2013 was about 500 thousand tons.
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